Fair Isle History

Fair Isle patterns are named after Fair Isle, a remote island located in the Shetland Archipelago to the north of Scotland. The design originated there in the early 19th century, initially used for creating multi-coloured patterns for fishermen’s caps and sweaters. The technique involves the use of several colours in intricate, repeated motifs, a style that has since become iconic in knitwear.

Fair Isle, with its harsh winters, became the birthplace of Fair Isle knitwear. The island’s residents needed warm, durable clothing to withstand the tough conditions, and this tradition was kept alive by the wives of local sailors, who crafted the garments by hand. For many years, this artisan craft remained a well-kept secret of the island. That is, until 1921, when Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII and Duke of Windsor after his abdication), publicly wore a brightly coloured Fair Isle waistcoat, bringing the design to global attention.

Typical Fair Isle knits follow an 'OXO' pattern with local knitters also incorporating motifs inspired by their surroundings, such as ram's horn, flora, fauna and marine life.  Typically it featured two colours per row.

Traditional Fair Isle colours were bright and vibrant, even in the 1900s.  These colours were originally achieved through natural dying methods, using imported indigo to make the yarns blue, madder  root mixed with native lichen to produce red, and yellow dye from bistort, a flower that also grows on the island.  Fair Isle garments are knitted from hand-spun yarn created from Shetland wool, a fibre taken from the fleece of Shetland sheep.

Today, the term "Fair Isle" is often used more loosely to describe any sweater featuring multiple colors and intricate patterns, even if it doesn't follow the traditional design techniques or materials associated with the original Fair Isle knitwear. Modern "Fair Isle" sweaters can be found in a wide range of fabrics, including soft cotton, cashmere, and synthetic blends, offering a lighter, more luxurious feel compared to the rugged, hard-wearing wool traditionally used on the island.

In the past, the wool used for Fair Isle garments was carefully spun and dyed by hand, designed to withstand the harsh, freezing winters of the Shetland Islands. These traditional sweaters were not only functional but also resilient, built to last through years of use in tough conditions. Today, while the visual aesthetic of Fair Isle patterns remains popular, the fabric choices have evolved, with many sweaters now designed more for style and comfort rather than sheer durability. As a result, while the "Fair Isle" name still evokes a sense of heritage and craftsmanship, the modern versions often prioritize softness and warmth over the practicality of the original designs.

Knitted in the Shetland Islands, our Fair Isle knitwear collection for both men and women has been a cornerstone of Oldfield Outfitters since we began. Over the years, these timeless pieces have consistently been our bestsellers, beloved by customers for their exceptional quality, intricate designs, and warmth.

Crafted with attention to detail, our range features a variety of styles, from classic sweaters to cardigans and slipovers, all made from premium Shetland wool.

Take a look at our full collection for Ladies and Gentlemen.